Bach – Mass in B minor BWV232 (c.1740)

Johann Sebastian Bach, born in Eisenach, Germany, in 1685, was a prolific and influential composer of the Baroque era. Renowned for his masterful compositions, Bach’s works spanned a wide range of genres, including sacred and secular music.

As a composer, organist, and choir director, Bach’s contributions to Western classical music are immeasurable. The Mass in B Minor, completed in the latter part of Bach’s career, represents a monumental synthesis of his artistic prowess and a culmination of his exploration of sacred choral music.

Bach’s Mass in B Minor, often referred to as the “Hohe Messe” (High Mass), is a monumental work that stands as a crowning achievement of the Baroque choral tradition. Completed in the early 1740s, the Mass is not a unified setting intended for liturgical use but rather a compilation of earlier compositions and newly composed sections.

In the context of its time, the Mass in B Minor reflects Bach’s mastery of counterpoint, his profound understanding of the expressive capabilities of the human voice, and his ability to integrate diverse musical styles into a unified whole. While the Baroque era saw the flourishing of sacred choral music, Bach’s Mass in B Minor is unparalleled in its scope and complexity.

Bach’s Mass in B Minor is a monumental choral work that comprises diverse sections, including Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, and Agnus Dei. The work is a synthesis of various styles, incorporating elements of the stile antico (old style) and stile moderno (modern style). The Mass showcases Bach’s contrapuntal genius, intricate fugues, and expressive arias, all within the framework of the Catholic Mass.

1. Kyrie and Gloria:* The Kyrie begins with a plea for mercy, followed by the Gloria, which expresses praise and adoration. Bach’s use of choral and solo voices, along with the orchestra, creates a rich tapestry of sound. The choral writing is characterized by contrapuntal complexity and expressive depth. The Gloria takes some of its writing from Cantata 119 and other sources.

2. Credo: The Credo is a massive movement that affirms the Christian creed. Bach’s treatment of the text is expansive, incorporating a variety of vocal and instrumental textures. The movement includes powerful choruses, intimate solo arias, and intricate fugues, showcasing Bach’s command of form and structure. Notice the word painting throughout.

3. Sanctus & Benedictus: The Sanctus is a jubilant movement that celebrates the holiness of God. Bach employs lively choral writing and intricate counterpoint, creating a sense of exultation. The movement also includes the majestic “Osanna in excelsis.” The Benedictus is a duet for flute and tenor.

4. Agnus Dei: The Agnus Dei is a poignant movement that pleads for mercy and peace. Bach’s setting includes solo aria for alto and expressive choral writing, culminating in a profound “Dona nobis pacem” (Grant us peace).

Bach’s Mass in B Minor is a monumental work that transcends its liturgical context, standing as a testament to the composer’s unparalleled skill and artistic vision. The fusion of intricate counterpoint, expressive solo arias, and rich orchestration elevates the Mass to a sublime musical experience. Bach’s Mass in B Minor continues to be revered as a pinnacle of sacred choral music, reflecting the depth of his religious devotion and musical ingenuity.